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Student Support File for Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (EBD)

Guide for Irish Teachers

Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (EBD) is a broad term covering a range of social, emotional, and behavioural challenges that significantly impact a student's learning and relationships. In Irish schools, this may include persistent anxiety, oppositional behaviour, emotional dysregulation, or withdrawal, requiring a multi-layered approach within the NEPS Continuum of Support.

5 NEPS need areas10 sample targetsUpdated 17 February 2026

About Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (EBD) in Irish Schools

Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (EBD) is a broad term covering a range of social, emotional, and behavioural challenges that significantly impact a student's learning and relationships. In Irish schools, this may include persistent anxiety, oppositional behaviour, emotional dysregulation, or withdrawal, requiring a multi-layered approach within the NEPS Continuum of Support.

Prevalence: Approximately 10-15% of Irish school-age children experience social, emotional, or behavioural difficulties at some point, with a smaller proportion requiring intensive support at School Support Plus level.

Relevant NEPS Need Areas

When completing the Strengths, Interests & Needs section of the Student Support File, focus on these areas for students with EBD:

Social & EmotionalBehaviourAttention & ConcentrationSelf-Care & IndependenceLanguage & Communication

Common Strengths

  • Often shows strong ability when emotionally regulated
  • Can form strong relationships with trusted adults
  • Creative and expressive personality
  • Physical energy and enthusiasm for active tasks
  • Empathy and awareness of fairness/injustice
  • Responds positively to praise and positive reinforcement

Common Needs

  • A consistent, predictable, and safe classroom environment
  • Explicit teaching of emotional regulation strategies
  • Positive behaviour support with clear expectations
  • Opportunities to develop and practise social skills
  • Trusted adult relationship for check-ins and de-escalation
  • Support during unstructured times (breaks, transitions)

Support Strategies by Continuum Level

Record these strategies in the Student Support File under the appropriate Continuum level. Choose strategies based on the student's individual needs, not all strategies will apply.

1

Classroom Support

ALL - Class teacher-led interventions

  • Establish clear, consistent routines and expectations with visual supports
  • Use a positive behaviour support approach (5:1 ratio of positive to corrective feedback)
  • Provide a calm-down corner with sensory tools and visual strategies
  • Use first-then boards and visual timers for task management
  • Build a positive relationship through daily check-ins
  • Avoid public confrontation - use private, calm redirection
  • Teach emotional vocabulary and self-regulation strategies explicitly
2

School Support

SOME - SET-led targeted teaching

  • SET-led social-emotional learning programme (e.g., Friends for Life, Incredible Years)
  • Individual behaviour support plan with clear triggers, strategies, and responses
  • Check-in/check-out system with designated staff member
  • Social skills group focused on conflict resolution and friendship skills
  • Daily behaviour tracking chart shared with parents
  • Restorative practice approach for resolving conflicts
3

School Support Plus

FEW - Multi-disciplinary team involvement

  • NEPS consultation for functional behaviour assessment
  • Intensive individual support plan developed with MDT (NEPS, CAMHS, parents)
  • SNA support if safety concerns exist (documented care needs)
  • Structured therapeutic programme (e.g., Theraplay-informed, nurture group)
  • Regular review meetings with parents and external professionals
  • Referral to CAMHS or external behavioural support service if needed

Example SSF Phrasing

Copy-paste ready phrasing for the Strengths and Needs sections. Replace [Student] with the student's name.

Strengths Phrasing

  • [Student] is capable of excellent work when they are emotionally regulated and supported.
  • [Student] has formed a strong, trusting relationship with [staff member] and responds positively to their guidance.
  • [Student] shows empathy and a strong sense of fairness in peer interactions.
  • [Student] is energetic and enthusiastic about physical and creative activities.

Needs Phrasing

  • [Student] needs explicit teaching of emotional regulation strategies for managing anger and frustration.
  • [Student] requires a consistent, predictable environment with clear expectations and positive reinforcement.
  • [Student] benefits from structured support during unstructured times (breaks, transitions, yard).
  • [Student] needs opportunities to develop social skills, particularly conflict resolution and turn-taking.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are SMART targets for EBD in Irish primary schools?
SMART targets for EBD focus on emotional regulation, behaviour management, social skills, and conflict resolution. They should be positively phrased (what the student will do, not what they won't do), use observable behaviours, and be reviewed every 6-8 weeks.
How do I write a Student Support File for a child with EBD?
Focus on the child's strengths and positive qualities first. Document specific observable behaviours of concern, identified triggers, and strategies that work. Set positively-worded SMART targets, include a behaviour support plan, and record parent and child voice. Avoid labelling the child - describe behaviours, not the person.
What is a positive behaviour support plan?
A positive behaviour support plan identifies the function of challenging behaviour (what the student is trying to achieve), environmental modifications to prevent it, replacement behaviours to teach, and consistent responses when it occurs. It is developed collaboratively and reviewed regularly.

Official Irish References

Essential Guides

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